تأثیر پیاده روی بر انسان

[سمیه صفشکن]

۱ ) جلو گیری از بیماریهای قلبی
پیاده روی تند برای قلب مفید است قلب هم یک ماهیچه است و هر عملی که به جریان یافتن سریع خون در ماهیچه کمک کند باعث می شود آن ماهیچه شکل اصلی خود را حفظ کند اما پیاده روی منظم اثرات دیگری را نیز در بر خواهد داشت .
فشار خون را پائین می آورد و معمولا باعث کاهش فشار در سرخرگها خواهد شد . پیاده روی میتواند میزان کلسترول HDL (کلسترول مفید) را در خون بالا ببرد و باعث کاهش غلظت خون شود و از لخته شدن خون جلو گیری کند و نهایتاً اینکه پیاده روی به میزان ۵۰ درصد از سکته های قلبی می کاهد .
۲) جلو گیری از سکته مغزی
تا همین اواخر پیاده روی بر روی سکته ها مشخص نبود اما بنا بر مطالعات انجام شده افراد فعال کمتر دچار سکته میشوند بویژه سکته های ناشی از لخته شدن خون در مسیر جریان خون ارسالی به مغز . یک سال و نیم قبل یکی از بزرگترین پژوهشهای بعمل آمده منافع پیاده روی را در این مورد خاص به اثبات رسانید . محققان مدرسه بهداشت عمومی هاروارد پس از تجزیه و تحلیل عادات بهداشتی ۷۰۰۰۰ پرستار در طی ۱۵ سال ، بدین نتیجه رسیدند که آن دسته از افرادی که در هفته به مدت ۲۰ ساعت و یا بیشتر پــیاده روی داشته اند به میزان ۴۰ درصد خطر لخته شدن خون در مغز و در نتیجه سکته مغزی را کاهش داده‎اند .
۳ ) کم کردن وزن
پیاده روی یکی از بهترین راههای از بین بردن چربیهای بدن است . گرچه برخی معتقدند که‎برای کاهش وزن باید حداقل یک ساعت در روز پیاده روی شود و چنانچه بتوانید پیاده روی را در برنامه‎روزانه خود قرار دهیدقادر خواهید شد از وزن بدن خود بکاهید .
۴ ) جلو گیری از پیشرفت دیابت
نتایج دو پژوهشی که در سال قبل در این مورد انجام گرفت حاکی از آن است که پیــاده روی تند ۳۰ دقیقه ای در روز ، میتواند از پیشرفت دیابت نوع دوم در افراد دارای اضافه وزن بویژه آن گروه که هم اکنون بدن آنها در سوختن گلوکز مشکل دارد ، جلو گیری‎کند و یاآنرا به تعویق اندازد .در واقع نتایج یکی از تحقیقات که توسط موسسه ملی بیماریهای دیابت ، هاضمه و کلیه انجام گرفت ، نشان داد اثـرات یک برنامه منظم ورزشی در پیشگیری از دیابت دو برابر بیشتر از تجویز داروی متفورمین بوده است .
در هردو تحقیق ، افرادی که توانسته اند همزمان ۵ درصدازوزن خود را نیز کاهش دهند ، نتایج بهتری گرفته اند . امـا دومین بررسیی که در فنلانـد انجام شـد نشان داد که حتی در افرادی که کاهـش وزن نداشته اند ، پیاده روی اثرات مفیدی بر سلامتی آنها داشته است .

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